Jurnal Budget

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This study investigates the impact of income inequality, regional economic growth, and government health expenditure on the health across 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022. Using a panel data regression with a fixed effects model, the results show that income inequality has a negative and statistically significant effect on the health sector, while economic growth and government spending have positive and significant effects. Provinces with higher income inequality tend to have lower health sector performance, particularly in terms of health budget allocation and public access to health services. In contrast, regions with sustained economic growth and increased government health expenditure experience improvements in health infrastructure and service delivery. These findings suggest that narrowing income disparities and maintaining consistent economic and fiscal support are essential to improving health sector outcomes at the provincial level in Indonesia. Policy interventions focusing on inclusive economic development and equitable budget distribution can help reduce regional disparities in health services.

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The results of the Open Budget Survey (OBS) in 2023 coducted by the International Budget Partnership (IBP) showed that, the score for the transparency dimension did not change from the 2021 survey, which amounted to 70. The score for the public participation dimension increased from 24 in 2021, to 26 in 2023. The score for the budget oversight dimension decreased from 61 in 2021 to 59 in 2023 due to lack of evidence of session report of the commitees both in areas of budget oversight and audit report from State Audit Institution (SAI). This article aims to discuss the results of OBS related to the Indonesian parliament and relate them to the mechanism of parliamentary work and the laws and regulations governing the implementation of parliamentary duties. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the results of the 2023 OBS questionnaire as the main document used in this research. The results show that the parliament needs to improve its mechanisms for periodic monitoring of SAI audit reports, monitoring the implementation of the current fiscal year of 2025 and improving public participation mechanism in budget discussions within and outside the APBN cycle.

Penulis: Martha Carolina, SE.,Ak., M. Ak. ❖ Jesly Yuriaty Panjaitan, S.E.Ak., M.M.

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Indonesia is undergoing a demographic transition marked by a rising proportion of elderly populations, presenting significant challenges to its economic system and social welfare policies. This study aims to assess poverty levels among elderly households and examine key determinants, including education, health insurance coverage, social assistance programs, and household structure. Utilizing 2024 Susenas data and Probit regression analysis, the findings reveal that higher education and health insurance ownership significantly reduce the likelihood of elderly poverty. Conversely, participation in social assistance programs such as the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) and Atensi Lansia is positively associated with poverty status—indicating accurate targeting, yet also underscoring persistent economic vulnerability. Additionally, larger household sizes increase poverty risk, while a greater number of working household members reduces it. These results highlight the need for holistic policy interventions—particularly in education, social protection expansion, and economic empowerment for the elderly—to mitigate the impact of population ageing and build a more inclusive and sustainable social protection system. Keywords: elderly poverty; aging population; social protection; health insurance; education; household vulnerability

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